香港vps cn2gia 10m,现在感觉200兆的网速上网?
应邀回答本行业问题。
的确如此,就是宽带提升到了200M,但是就使用体验来说,也会和以前的4M/8M上网速度没有太大的差别,但是你如果下载就会有不同的感觉了。
就互联网的各种应用来说,其实这些互联网的服务商也需要考虑当前用户的带宽,针对性的进行相关的优化工作。
在你的网速是4M/8M的时候,普遍的大家的网速也就是这样,所以那些互联网企业也不会在页面上加载太多的东西,比如视频、Flash、高清图片之类的,但是现在大家的普及网速在100M左右的时候,其实你访问的内容和原本的页面是不同的,就可以加载一些高分辨率的视频、更高像素的图片等。
原本的时候打开网站比较流畅,现在也会比较流畅,所以也不会有很大的区别,你也体会不到,实际上现在我们访问互联网,占据的带宽也没有想象之中的那么大,高清视频业务是最占带宽的,但是在电视上访问有40M-50M的带宽其实也足够了。
网速的快慢,其实也就是人多,或者是下载的时候才会有一些区别,不过由于现在很多的软件或者是APP本身下载也限速,你如果不买会员甚至是超级会员的话,下载一样不会快。
但是你的宽带到底有多快,其实是可以测试的,这种软件就比较多了,怀疑带宽不足的可以下载一个测试一下看看。
一些家庭内部网络比较卡,但是实际上这是出现在家庭内部的无线网络上的故障,而并非是运营商端的问题。我们的家庭无线路由器,有两个工作频率,分别是2.4G和5G,其中2.4G WIFI的短板是干扰,这个现在是没有办法解决的,中国的2.4G WIFI实在是太多了,在人口密集区域会有非常大的干扰。
而5G WIFI的问题则是穿墙能力差,如果路由器和用户不在一个房间内,相对的就会信号差一些,也就没那么快了。
想要家庭内部无线网络体验更好,还得在家庭内部的无线组网这块下点儿功夫。
对于一些小数据包业务,时延对于使用体验影响更大,带宽的增加时延不变,所以也很难有什么感觉。游戏等常见的应用,其实不会占据很大的系统带宽,所以这块体验快慢的部分是时延,时延也就是一个数据包从客户端往返服务器花的时间,这个主要取决于你的路由,以及服务器的反馈速度,还和DNS有关,这个和带宽的关系不大,所以也很难有什么变化。
总而言之,就现在来看,如果你感觉家庭的宽带提升到200M,但是使用体验和原来没有什么区别的话,你可以测试一下你的网速,就会发现的确是有所提高的,但是使用体验这个东西,一个人有一个人的看法,不过你现在如果再回到4M/8M带宽的话,你会发现很多网站你根本打不开,你刷视频也会卡顿的厉害。
以上个人浅见,欢迎批评指正。喜欢的可以关注我,谢谢!
认同我的看法的请点个赞再走,再次感谢!
香港互联网专线服务器优势是什么?
一、什么是专线服务器?
所谓专线服务器,就是该服务器所在机房接入的是特殊、专一的网络线路,目前比较常见的如光纤、CN2专线线路,具有大带宽、稳定性好、延迟低以及扩展性强等特点,能够充分保障网站的快速访问。
香港服务器一般都是具有多路由,多备份,免备案,访问不受限,服务更周到的特点。选择香港机房作为网络部署点,可以减少骨干网的延时,出口带宽的稳定需求也要比一般国际带宽高,同时由于预算与应用的问题,不能选择铺设高昂的DDN专线。
二、香港专线服务器的优势:
1、在大陆电信,网通多处核心机房设有路由布点,从香港国际出口出来后线路直连核心机房,比一般自由跳转的国际线路更稳定更低延时;2、根据客户需要提供多种接口方式和客户线路流量报告;3、提供的7×24×365小时的专业技术支持和网络监控服务,确保客户联入Internet的带宽品质;
三、优质的香港服务器推荐:
BlueHost是一家出色的美国主机商,同时BlueHost香港服务器使用的都是Intel E3的处理器,拥有1000GB~2000GB 独立硬盘冗余阵列,以及5 Mbps 流量。
目前BlueHost中国的服务器使用的是国际的带宽,其带宽相对较高,同时香港距离大陆的距离较近等因素,走的是电信专线CN2线路,所以BlueHost香港的服务器在大陆的访问速度较快;加上同时支持Linux和Windows系统,BlueHost香港服务器的Windows系统是国内需要该系统用户很好的选择。
BlueHost香港服务器无论是从性价比、配置上都很适合国内用户的选择,特别是其拥有Windows系统是许多需要该系统用户的首选的海外服务器。
烘焙师资格证怎么考?
烘焙师是指西点师、面包师、蛋糕师或者从事烘焙行业的技术人员,需要考取的证书就是厨师资格证下面的西式面点师证,一共有5级:初级(五级)、中级(四级)、高级(三级)、技师(二级)、高级技师(一级)。
考试基本信息
考试介绍
烘焙师是专门从事西点烘焙食品师傅的总称。
烘焙师是指西点师、面包师、蛋糕师或者从事烘焙行业的技术人员,需要考取的证书就是厨师资格证下面的西式面点师证。如果想要考取资格证,可以自己在劳动保障局缴费报名,也可以去专业学校学习,学校会统一组织考证。考试通过后,便能够拿到相应的证书。
并且这些证书是国家认可的,去到国外也是认可的。有了烘焙师资格证以后,在找工作方面会更有优势,就业机会更多,同时有了证书以后也有了升值加薪的依据。
等级划分
烘焙师资格证级别越高,代表你的烘焙能力和技术也越高。烘焙师职业资格证等级不同,代表了一名烘焙师具备不同的技术水平,这是一名烘焙师技术高低较为直接的表现。
烘焙证书主要分五个等级,分别是:初级(国家职业资格五级)、 中级(国家职业资格四级)、高级(国家职业资格三级)、技师(国家职业资格二级)、高级技师(国家职业资格一级)。
报考条件
1、初级(国家职业资格五级):需要1年以上从业年限。
2、中级(国家职业资格四级):需要2年以上从业年限。
3、高级(国家职业资格三级):需要4年以上从业年限。
4、技师(国家职业资格二级):需要8年以上从业年限。
5、高级技师(国家职业资格一级):需要15年以上从业年限。
考试内容
1、初级(国家职业资格五级):需要考核公共知识。
2、中级(国家职业资格四级):需要在规定时间内独立制作3个品种,并且考核公共知识。
3、高级(国家职业资格三级):需要在规定时间独立制作并完成4个品种,需要考核公共知识以及500字以上的心得体会。
4、技师(国家职业资格二级):需要在规定时间内独立制作并完成5个品种,需要考核公共知识及3000字以上的论文,并需要答辩。
5、高级技师(国家职业资格一级):需要在规定时间能独立制作并完成6个品种,需要考核公共知识和2000字的论文,并需要答辩。
另外,不同级别的烘焙师对于考生的工作教程也是有要求的,需要大家有针对地进行复习备考。
考试时间
每年统考一共有五次,时间为4月、6月、8月、10月和12月。具体的考试日期、地点、要求等等,由考生所在地的考试机构或培训机构另行通知。
考试形式介绍
考试由各省市的人力资源和社会保障局统一出题,考点一般设置在指定的正规烘焙培训职业技能学校。理论考试为机考,实操考试为动手操作。
合格标准
【理论考试和实操考试】均为60分及格。
证书领取
经职业技能鉴定、认证考试合格者,颁发加盖职业技能鉴定专用章钢印的《注册职业资格证书》。权威证书,政府认可。一般三个月即可拿到证书。
经国家整顿,目前含金量最高的发证单位如下:
1、由经国家人力资源和社会保障部认定批准的第三方机构颁发,不是所有省市都有这种考试机构。
2、由国家轻工业联合会颁发,考试地点经由中国焙烤食品糖制品工业协会总站批准下的基地进行。
备考方法
备考资料
公共知识
公共知识是每个级别的烘焙师资格证考试都需要涉及的科目,常考的内容并不多,掌握一些必要的理论知识即可,比如:烘培的具体步骤、选择烘焙温度需要考虑的因素、甜味剂在烘培中的作用、鸡蛋的功能、蛋糕油的工艺性能等。
实操考试制作
1、西式饼干与甜点制作:各类曲奇饼干(如黄油曲奇、巧克力曲奇、棋盘曲奇、DIY曲奇)、手指饼干、牛奶小西饼、泡芙、蛋挞等;
2、欧式蛋糕与小西点制作:戚风蛋糕、海绵蛋糕、天使蛋糕、虎皮蛋糕、纸杯蛋糕、瑞士蛋糕卷、大理石蛋糕、蜂巢蛋糕、巧克力蛋糕、蜂蜜千层蛋糕等;
3、流行面包制作:软餐包、早餐包、菠萝面包、毛毛虫面包、火腿玉米面包、水果调理面包、吐司面包、红豆吐司、枣沙吐司、椰蓉吐司、地中海面包、奶酪面包、北海道面包、肉松面包等;
4、裱花装饰与生日蛋糕制作:各种形状的蛋糕胚制作、奶油打发、祝福语装饰、果膏装饰、各种蛋糕裱花、主题生日蛋糕创意制作等。
考前准备工作
公共知识
机考,学校会发题库,考前刷两遍题轻松通过无压力。建议大家仔细阅读题干知识,特别注重题干中的“除了.......”“不属于......”“包含......”等,认真答题。
实操
上课记好笔记,记得穿防滑舒适的鞋子,工具和厨师服每次都带好,想把上课做好的成品带回家给家人品尝的话记得准备保鲜袋或保鲜盒。
考试品种随机抽取5个品种,考试前几天会有考前辅导,这时候把考试抽到的品种全部熟悉一遍。
考前辅导时把正式考试要用到的原料称好,一个品种装好小袋子,贴上便签,备注好放料顺序、重点步骤、烤箱温度、烘烤时间、考试品种操作流程:和面包面团(兼果冻制作)-排、派、塔-饼干-蛋糕(考试时这样的制作顺序最科学省时)
建议大家注意黄油搓发不要太夸张,因为考场里室温会比较高。
在烘烤前要调试好烤箱温度。
要记清楚原料归属,不要在同时操作多种产品的时候将原料弄混。
记住一切为了产品美好的外观服务。
成品一定要烤熟再交给评审老师,监考老师很好,不要紧张。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"烘焙师是指西点师、面包师、蛋糕师或者从事烘焙行业的技术人员,需要考取的证书就是厨师资格证下面的西式面点师证,一共有5级:初级(五级)、中级(四级)、高级(三级)、技师(二级)、高级技师(一级)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQWMKMg4MKS2MSwraBWZ9cb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试基本信息","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuMwkuOguW22KgkC4pc19QP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLPsNO6sDDoigQ5IsaNncWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"烘焙师是专门从事西点烘焙食品师傅的总称。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsoKEEIeo0GaS8f724rY98g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"烘焙师是指西点师、面包师、蛋糕师或者从事烘焙行业的技术人员,需要考取的证书就是厨师资格证下面的西式面点师证。如果想要考取资格证,可以自己在劳动保障局缴费报名,也可以去专业学校学习,学校会统一组织考证。考试通过后,便能够拿到相应的证书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6uaWqysYQkqyknyusAHDzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"并且这些证书是国家认可的,去到国外也是认可的。有了烘焙师资格证以后,在找工作方面会更有优势,就业机会更多,同时有了证书以后也有了升值加薪的依据。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsWuEEeEycq2CyJ5vQ7OM1x"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"考试介绍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81d9f7a78411407dac2b064435c39bd7","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnGWiUog6mWoeugHVoamyZvh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"等级划分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2weNmep19t8OXGwJ5cyZhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"烘焙师资格证级别越高,代表你的烘焙能力和技术也越高。烘焙师职业资格证等级不同,代表了一名烘焙师具备不同的技术水平,这是一名烘焙师技术高低较为直接的表现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmQ4Zat7bqtrj9AnBvauvof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"烘焙证书主要分五个等级,分别是:初级(国家职业资格五级)、 中级(国家职业资格四级)、高级(国家职业资格三级)、技师(国家职业资格二级)、高级技师(国家职业资格一级)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc0SmaKiOuQggmmRuupmWwf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvkwZ9ARRDaVarETXgYFoTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、初级(国家职业资格五级):需要1年以上从业年限。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3oEWi1wq6UgJD0BxVX7Z5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中级(国家职业资格四级):需要2年以上从业年限。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn39roVcEehfXLycSRlQl9Cg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、高级(国家职业资格三级):需要4年以上从业年限。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngLWXHySJFJ4UCzfpMgYm9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、技师(国家职业资格二级):需要8年以上从业年限。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQtR12JHMvzLtNaqdYEpQjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、高级技师(国家职业资格一级):需要15年以上从业年限。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2OB7Wc3HD50zblqYuA2rle"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4eeyATLoz2YyWL7e8vW3rh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、初级(国家职业资格五级):需要考核公共知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzE5QM0quk9VR9J9gYwc7ab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中级(国家职业资格四级):需要在规定时间内独立制作3个品种,并且考核公共知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneIpTpM20I2vNY5mt7Ghxlj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、高级(国家职业资格三级):需要在规定时间独立制作并完成4个品种,需要考核公共知识以及500字以上的心得体会。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2irr5ymZ3I9tIu6HUMjPuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、技师(国家职业资格二级):需要在规定时间内独立制作并完成5个品种,需要考核公共知识及3000字以上的论文,并需要答辩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDrbWejrV7voMZu65cu9JNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、高级技师(国家职业资格一级):需要在规定时间能独立制作并完成6个品种,需要考核公共知识和2000字的论文,并需要答辩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0KXVD1AnLSkjrK3C7cnIzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外,不同级别的烘焙师对于考生的工作教程也是有要求的,需要大家有针对地进行复习备考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0sQIQFsfmDopj68X8JqEJb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"考试内容","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cae8e253595048f5aa678ad56be8fa5b","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnuGCAEKakkCqiMt6VDGc66f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBkdXtxBtfNPLvPC9c5Esyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每年统考一共有五次,时间为4月、6月、8月、10月和12月。具体的考试日期、地点、要求等等,由考生所在地的考试机构或培训机构另行通知。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsS08dokLQ1TFCRZt7r0qiJ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试形式介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP9b5wEWa4u6KWe1DYv9kK3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试由各省市的人力资源和社会保障局统一出题,考点一般设置在指定的正规烘焙培训职业技能学校。理论考试为机考,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"实操考试为","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"动手操作","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnT4q5lUnah4BIPC6ZEJZXlg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"合格标准","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnltOxNUFMK3tASn7D040NVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【理论考试和实操考试】均为60分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqgWKceKSc6w6L3gPMPR8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"证书领取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKgxGz56WrpM7XMCUC15opb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"经职业技能鉴定、认证考试合格者,颁发加盖职业技能鉴定专用章钢印的《注册职业资格证书》。权威证书,政府认可。一般三个月即可拿到证书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcninNyc2ut8lWh5kWBebtnKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"经国家整顿,目前含金量最高的发证单位如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0eCgSMwGaGmUAF36d0dvHk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、由经国家人力资源和社会保障部认定批准的第三方机构颁发,不是所有省市都有这种考试机构。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8cEiwUkIyuyqM5HsiZwhve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、由国家轻工业联合会颁发,考试地点经由中国焙烤食品糖制品工业协会总站批准下的基地进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQM0SW4w4O006H44s798Dd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":696,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"证书领取","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e3c1bd965b04b969e1d15e3df1caf42","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcn4s4KCqaAyaYmOaG0InPeLe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUX5a52T1yJ9DB53R728U3d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考资料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnASiWoG0qwgeOMvlPJEqMjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"公共知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQvNMoHzJZQAMH38cgcYXVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"公共知识是每个级别的烘焙师资格证考试都需要涉及的科目,常考的内容并不多,掌握一些必要的理论知识即可,比如:烘培的具体步骤、选择烘焙温度需要考虑的因素、甜味剂在烘培中的作用、鸡蛋的功能、蛋糕油的工艺性能等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvzUXrlS8yH1bD0b4LhK3Oe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"实操考试制作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnIsUBWeFz15FG99kIrjcNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、西式饼干与甜点制作:各类曲奇饼干(如黄油曲奇、巧克力曲奇、棋盘曲奇、DIY曲奇)、手指饼干、牛奶小西饼、泡芙、蛋挞等;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqQytrPTQaq7pYP5i4Gmjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、欧式蛋糕与小西点制作:戚风蛋糕、海绵蛋糕、天使蛋糕、虎皮蛋糕、纸杯蛋糕、瑞士蛋糕卷、大理石蛋糕、蜂巢蛋糕、巧克力蛋糕、蜂蜜千层蛋糕等;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCDFrySQNbdvDhsSy7bh2Tg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、流行面包制作:软餐包、早餐包、菠萝面包、毛毛虫面包、火腿玉米面包、水果调理面包、吐司面包、红豆吐司、枣沙吐司、椰蓉吐司、地中海面包、奶酪面包、北海道面包、肉松面包等;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7RiZCJnhpZnqANWe1uamxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、裱花装饰与生日蛋糕制作:各种形状的蛋糕胚制作、奶油打发、祝福语装饰、果膏装饰、各种蛋糕裱花、主题生日蛋糕创意制作等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAE3VwnJTDU6J8tkyseKU0b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考前准备工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKXkjxHuXb0B3MEaVvUtfwe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"公共知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkol17sXVtC5brKKlljv6Qe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"机考,学校会发题库,考前刷两遍题轻松通过无压力。建议大家仔细阅读题干知识,特别注重题干中的“除了.......”“不属于......”“包含......”等,认真答题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80uMaewOOOimq6PflWwBJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"实操","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQiOQkIakq4Ckg3O76dvKFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上课记好笔记,记得穿防滑舒适的鞋子,工具和厨师服每次都带好,想把上课做好的成品带回家给家人品尝的话记得准备保鲜袋或保鲜盒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwumCAQ28aAqwCCLNhwmv7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试品种随机抽取5个品种,考试前几天会有考前辅导,这时候把考试抽到的品种全部熟悉一遍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EAumCQ2A44GuA2NDK3IZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考前辅导时把正式考试要用到的原料称好,一个品种装好小袋子,贴上便签,备注好放料顺序、重点步骤、烤箱温度、烘烤时间、考试品种操作流程:和面包面团(兼果冻制作)-排、派、塔-饼干-蛋糕(考试时这样的制作顺序最科学省时)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI4oUC4SueaKOERefQcPDTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议大家注意黄油搓发不要太夸张,因为考场里室温会比较高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuwIuIYsyuc6go5BFDS7UVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在烘烤前要调试好烤箱温度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEwYEecGg88OktVS1qlFPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要记清楚原料归属,不要在同时操作多种产品的时候将原料弄混。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSeW0Aoo4gqCOKuVb0VSLPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"记住一切为了产品美好的外观服务。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsmSWeQQ8wCg6kldOMZzEMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"成品一定要烤熟再交给评审老师,监考老师很好,不要紧张。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMWqCUqCC8kQICgiaoRMD6g"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3Eip中转和直连有啥区别?
1. 明确结论:IP中转和直连的区别在于网络传输路径的不同。IP中转需要经过中转节点转发数据,而直连则直接在源地址和目的地址之间传输数据。
2. 解释原因:IP中转是指数据在传输过程中需要经过多个网络节点,在节点之间进行转发。这是因为网络规模较大,网络拓扑复杂,数据需要通过多条链路到达目的地址。中转节点可以是路由器、交换机等设备,它们根据数据报中的路由信息,将数据从一条链路转移到另一条链路,最终到达目的地址。直连则不需要经过这些节点,源地址和目的地址直接连通。
3. 内容延伸:IP中转会增加数据传输的延迟和丢包率。中转节点需要处理数据和转发数据,这会消耗时间和能源。同时,节点可能会出现故障或网络拥塞等问题,造成数据丢失或延迟。因此,直接连接更加可靠和快速。
4. 具体步骤:实现IP中转需要配置路由器或交换机。在路由器或交换机上,需要设置路由表,配置路由器接口和IP地址,并保证网络物理链路连接正常。当数据传输时,路由器或交换机会根据路由表中的信息,判断数据目的地址应该通过哪个接口发送。如果目的地址与路由表匹配,则数据可直接传输;否则需要通过中转节点转发。直连则不需要配置这些信息。
硬笔行书练字技巧?
行书,是一种书法统称,分为行楷和行草两种。在楷书的基础上发展,是介于楷书、草书之间的一种字体,是为了弥补楷书的书写速度太慢和草书的难于辨认而产生的。"行"是"行走"的意思,因此它不像草书那样潦草,也不像楷书那样端正。
行书特点
行书作为一种有别于其他字体的独立字体,自然在笔画形态、用笔方法、部首写法以及结构上都有其自身的一些特点。
行笔增速
行书的行笔增速是相对楷书而言的。行书在增速上,不仅表现在笔画与笔画出现牵丝映带、以圆转代替方折,还表现在笔顺的改变和以简代繁甚至借用草书的一些写法上等等。但是在书写时不能为了快而快,造成笔笔相连如蜘蛛网一样。
笔画线条多变
楷如立,行如走,行书的走体现在笔画的流动性而形成的动感上。起笔多以露锋起笔,笔画之间增加呼应等,下面仅从四个方便加以说明:
附笔连接
所谓附笔,就是一个字的原来笔画顺势而出现的附加笔画(比较细、比较虚)。如点、横画与下面的笔画衔接时,出现附钩;与上面的笔画衔接时出现附挑;长撇收笔处往往出现明显的起钩,看上去与“钩”没有什么不同,实际上是撇画的附钩。如图:
这些附钩、附挑与上笔、下笔连接的呼应关系极为明显,使笔画脉络相通,活泼流畅、动感十足。但要注意,这些附钩、附挑的出现,是行笔过程中起笔和收笔留下的自然痕迹,不可有意去描摹追求。否则会失去天然美。
以圆代方
行书的转折笔画,方笔明显减少,而以圆代替方折,这是由于行笔增快的原因。转折处省略了提按的顿笔,圆转而过,使笔画圆润自然。如图:
变直为弧
楷书要求横平竖直,而行书的横竖由于行笔增快,为了增强笔画之间的呼应关系,长横和长竖的写法有的稍带弧形。如图:
但不是所有的横、竖都作弧形,如中竖就要挺直,即便是稍带有弧形的笔画,也要有一定的力度,柔中见刚。
以简代繁
楷书的笔画各自独立,其笔画数目严格遵循汉字规范,一个字由几个笔画就写几个笔画。写行书时,为了书写简便,往往将相邻的笔画连写,合并线条,或对楷书的某些部位做了简化,减少起、收笔的次数。
楷书的钩画,在书写行书时,多省略了起钩。如图:
行书的基本笔画点画,可以代替横、竖、撇、捺笔画。如图:
行书的部首在楷书的基础上出现连笔,减少了笔画数,使书写更加方便。如图:
笔顺变化
行书的笔顺大部分遵循楷书笔顺规则,但为了连写便捷,一篇字中有时会出现一些人们习惯使用的行草书字形,有些字就改变了常规的笔画顺序。如图(楷书6笔,行书3笔):
体势变化
由于行书的笔画较之楷书发生了一些变化,其结果也随着带来了变化。大体有以下几种情况:
1、一个字有多种写法
如“是”字下半部分,“花”字的字头,写得有放有缩,同中有异,多样而统一,颇有趣味。如图:
2.打破楷书端庄方正的束缚,略带攲斜,自成新的体势
如横画可以较大幅度上斜,笔画的走向也可以略偏离原来楷书的轨道。这就在不同程度上改变了楷书的体势,使整篇字中的个体和群体都变得自由活泼了,避免了楷书的呆板。如图:
行书运笔技巧
笔画运行
硬笔行书的基本笔画,在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。
所谓起笔,就是开始书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔;行笔,就是书写笔画的中间运笔;收笔,就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画,左为起笔,中为行笔,右为收笔,等等。起笔有轻有重,行笔有快有慢,收笔有回有露。例如:
提笔、按笔
硬笔行书的用笔也讲究提按,以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔,就是笔从纸面提起,笔尖触纸力度小,笔画要细;所谓按笔,就是笔尖在纸上往下按,笔尖触纸力度大,笔画要粗一些。如图:
翻笔、折笔
翻笔,一般是向上取逆势,上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑。如“古”字的横,“人”、“有”的撇都是用翻笔写成的。折笔,一般是向下、向右取顺势,如“口”字的横折、“山”字的竖折,都是用这笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔,都要求用笔慢而有力。如图:
侧笔
侧笔主要取字的姿态,笔画的下笔处比较方折,显得刚劲有力。如“五、方”等字的长横,“永、广”等字的侧点,“志”字的中竖,“个”字的斜撇等,都是侧笔写成的。如图:
涩笔
涩笔,书写时故意放慢行笔速度,认为制造行笔阻力。目的在于强调线条的质感,多用于竖钩、竖弯钩等笔画。如图:
游笔
游笔似行云流水,用笔流畅、便捷,多用于钩画字的轮廓,以增加线条的流动。如图:
掠笔
掠笔也叫牵丝,书写时将笔轻提,一带而过。掠笔的作用是牵引笔画,加强上一笔画与下一笔画之间的联系。但要注意,掠笔使用要自然,不能笔笔都用牵丝或人为地去描摹。如图:
叠笔
叠笔,就是在原来的行笔路线上重返进行。这种方法,可以使局部笔画变得丰润。需要注意的是重叠的距离不能过长。如图:
行书笔画
基本笔画
笔画是构成字的基本要素,练习基本笔画是书写汉字的基本功训练。行书笔画是在楷书笔画的基础上增加速度和流动感,有时可直接使用楷法,有时增加牵丝,钩挑或弧形笔画。
点
1、带勾点是由点带出勾挑,如“不”字,目的是牵引下一字。写法是先顺势写长点,用笔要由轻而重、由左而右,勾时再用力顿一下,然后迅速向左下勾出。带勾点要有一定的弯势,不能生硬僵直;线条要遭劲流利,不能软弱迟疑。
2、带下点是指上下两点一笔带下,如“淤”(于)字。写法是落笔写上点,用力顿一下,再提笔写下点,最后再用力顿一下,迅速勾出。上点略侧,下点稍平,上下点之间,用一细细的牵丝相连。使上下连贯、粗细分明,有形态、有动势。
3、带右点是由左点带出右点,如“以”字。写法是用笔轻落重按先写左点,然后提笔写右点,略顿一下用力向右上趯出,趯勾要短小。写带右点时左点要大右点要小,如两点差不多大,就缺少变化。
4、合二点是指左右两点相呼相应,如“六”字。写法是轻落重按写左点,然后用力向右上勾出,再顺着勾势写右点,最后用力向左下撇出。合二点虽然中间没有牵丝相连,但要一气呵成,左点与右点之间应左高右低,遥相呼应。
横
1、下勾横是指横画下面带勾,如“然”字。“然”字下面本来是四点,现改写为一横画,是采用了草书写法。写法是落笔略顿,再向右写横,至末端用力折笔向左下勾出。
2、上挑横是指横画上面带挑,如“古”字。写法是在写好一横后,再用力一顿翻笔上挑而出.上挑横与下勾横不同处是末端收笔的方向不一样,前者上挑,后者下勾;上挑是为了顺势写上画,下勾是为了开启下笔。
竖
1、悬针竖是指竖画下面尖尖的如针倒悬,如“半”字。写法是落笔略顿,接着由上而下、由重而轻写竖画。悬针竖要如针垂直端悬,不能东斜西倒。
2、垂露竖是指竖画下面不失如露水倒垂,如“申”字。写法是落笔略顿,接着由上而下写竖画,至末端再略顿一下,回锋收笔。垂露竖的两端用笔重而中间用笔轻,两端书写速度慢而中间书写速度快,竖中带挺呈曲势,如人挺立,显得精神饱满。
3、曲勾竖是指竖画下端带曲勾,如“抑”字。写法是写好一竖后,末端收笔时顺势向左下迅速勾出。曲勾竖的竖中略带曲势,并非一味地端直。
4、仰勾竖是指竖画下端带仰勾,如“隆”字。写法是落笔写竖画,至末端再用力向右上勾出。。仰勾竖与曲勾竖的差别是前者仰勾向上、由左而右,后者曲勾向下、由右而左;前者是承上笔,后者是启下画。
撇
1、回锋撇是指撇画下端回锋向上,如“化”字。写法是落笔稍重,随着向左下写撇,至撇尾再回锋向上收笔。因为撇尾回锋收笔,并非出锋收笔。所以撇尾不失而圆。
2、挑脚撇是指撇画下端挑脚向上,如“今”字。写法与回锋撇同,只是收笔时挑脚而出呈勾状。一般说,回锋撇往往是撇后写竖,笔势角度小,挑脚撇往往是撇后写捺,笔势角度大。
3、斜撇斜撇是楷书写法,撇端尖尖的,如“余”字。写法是落笔稍重,然后逐渐提笔向左下撇出,撇时要轻灵不要迟疑,而且力要送到撇尖。
4、平撇平撇在字头,短小而平,如“重”字。写法是落笔重,略顿,随后提笔迅速撇出。平撇的形态有点象鸟啄,短小尖锐。
捺
1、斜捺是指捺画斜而长,如“秦”字。斜捺在汉字中往往与斜撇相配,如同人的左右手。写法是顺着撇势轻落笔,略横行,接着转笔向右下方写。捺时要稍用力,随即向右平捺出。斜捺的形态是一波三折,故又称“波画”。
2、回锋捺是指斜捺的捺脚收笔处不是出锋而是回锋,如“天”字。写法与斜捺同,只是最后回锋收笔,露出下尖勾,目的是为了书写下一字。
3、反捺是从斜捺、回锋捺变化而来,如“木”字。写法是轻落笔,触纸后徐徐用力向右下行笔,然后用力向左下勾出。
4、圆曲捺是指游水捺的三弯处圆曲如环。写法是先落笔写一点,接着顺势写一竖,再提笔向右拐弯,然后回锋或藏锋收笔。写回曲捺要注意两点,一是拐弯要圆曲不能生硬,二是捺尾要圆浑不能尖利。
5、平捺在字的下面起托的作用,因比字头或字中的斜捺角度较小波画较平而名之,如“之”字。写法是回锋落笔,略横,随着向右下用笔,然后用力平平捺出。平捺与斜捺一样,形态是一波三折,有一种流动的势态。
6、挑勾捺是指平捺的捺脚上挑,如“超”字。写法是写好平捺后,捺脚不平出,而是顺势上挑成勾状,目的是为了便于写“走”字里面的部分。挑勾捺其实是在平捺快写后顺着笔势自然形成的一种写法,不可勉强为之。
挑
1、短挑是挑画的一种,线条短小,如“地”字。短挑在行书中是承着其他点画书写而出,短小精锐,恰似一把短剑。写法是落笔后略顿,随即逐渐提笔用力挑出。
2、撇折挑是指撇和挑连写,如“福”字。写法是先写一撇,然后折笔用力向右上迅速挑出,撇折挑要注意折处,书写时点画务必交待清楚,不能含含糊糊,拖泥带水。
勾
1、蟹爪勾是指竖勾屈曲似蟹爪,如“寺”字。写法是先写竖画,然后转笔向左行笔,再翻笔向上勾出。蟹爪勾是竖勾的变化写法,形态优美、线条雄健、气势酣畅。
2、戈勾即戈字勾,如“戊”字。写法是侧锋落笔,然后纵笔而下,勾时用力翻笔向上勾出。戈画平中带弧有韧劲,刚中含柔见纵势。
3、背抛勾是指从背面反抛勾出,如“夙”字。写法是顺势写上横画,拐弯时折笔而下,然后宛转提笔写下弯画,再翻笔向左上勾出。背抛勾转弯抹角处不能生硬有棱角,勾尖要向内,对着字心首画。
4、浮鹅勾因形同白鹅浮绿水而名,如“毛”字。写法是落笔稍重,接着用笔向下写直画,随即提笔拐弯写横,最后翻笔向上勾出。浮鹅勾要鹅头高昂,鹅身平正,方正中呈圆势,态度雍容大方,气宇轩昂不几。
5、回锋勾如同回锋捺是斜捺的快写形式一样,回锋勾是浮鹅勾的快写形式,如“也”字。写法是顺势写竖横圆曲折,然后翻笔由上绕一小圈向下勾出。回锋勾与浮鹅勾的不同处除了勾的形式和方向不一样外,是回锋勾的竖横向内圆曲而浮鹅勾的竖横向外开拓。向内圆曲的比较宛转流利,向外开拓的比较雄健挺拔。
折
1、横勾折是指横画加折勾,如“罪”字。写法是落笔先写横画,折时稍用力向左下方勾出。横勾折不仅要横与勾的笔画分明,而且转折要自然有力。
2、竖勾折是指竖画加折勾,如“问”字。写法是先写竖画,要心胸挺起,折时不妨笔略提起,再顿下去,然后迅速向左上勾出。
3、曲折在行书中用得很多,凡是撇捺连续快写都成曲折,如“根”字。写法是落笔写撇画,接着向右折笔,再随即向下勾。曲折形似闪电,富于动态。
4、撇捺折是撇捺的连写,但书写较工整,如“衣”字。写法是落笔稍重,再逐渐提笔写撇,然后回锋向右下方写反捺,即成。撇捺折在撇捺的交接处要连写,要有折的风味。
5、三弯折是指三弯折曲折成三弯,如“乃”字。写法是先落笔写横,再折笔写弯,接着顺势向下弯出。三弯折要折而有韧劲,弯曲自然舒展。
6、内勾折是由横撇折的外勾变为内勾,如“序”字。写法是写好横画后,接着翻笔写撇,撇要成内包势,随即趁势向右上勾出。
7、鹅勾折是浮鹅勾的快速简便写法,如“光”字。写法是依势落笔写短斜竖,随即折笔向右上勾出。鹅勾折的折处要圆润遒丽,用笔要流畅明净。
行书偏旁
行书偏旁一定要根据与其所搭配的单体的长短、肥瘦,大小不同而有所变化,不能千篇一律。此外,部首一定要与其所搭配的单体互相呼应。呼应的方法,或者借助于楷书用意连,或者借助于草书用形连。形连时要注意既要靠牵丝,又要靠笔势,过多地使用牵丝,如果形连势不能连,整个字仍是盘散沙。
食字旁
侧锋落笔写撇,随即回锋写横勾折,接着顺势写竖仰勾。整个食字旁线条清楚匀称,是一笔写成。
衣字旁
首点向左下带出一点以呼应下一笔,撇点用撇提代替,改变示字旁的书写顺序。
弓字旁
先落笔写横折,再翻笔写横折勾。弓字旁的弓须一气呵成,不能用两笔或三笔写成。
虫字旁
落笔写短斜竖,再顺势写横竖折,接着回锋写下横,然后翻笔向上写竖折挑,为了便于书写,行书虫字旁的一点往往省掉。
马字旁
落笔写出折勾,再回笔写竖横折勾,最后顺势写下横。下横一般写成挑画,以便书写右面点画。
页字旁
页字旁主要是在右部。其第一横要稍长,抗肩,中间用小撇画,不要太长,撇画的起笔位置稍靠左,第二个撇画的弯度较大一些,但不要写的太长,最后撇画带出小钩,呼应最后一点。
舌字旁
首先平撇要短,角度稍平,竖写短,横可稍长,但口字要写小。所以偏旁整体要小。
田字旁
田字旁也是写小,且整体稍向右上斜。
行书章法
行书是介于楷书和草书之间的书体,是日常生活书写中最常用最流行的书体。尤以钢笔行书为最。行书笔画、结构有一定的伸缩性,形态又多变化,丰富奇彩、意到笔随,可塑性大,利于发挥艺术效果,实用价值更是超过其它书体。一副得意之作,通篇结构,引领管带,首尾呼应,一气呵成,各尽意志,气适流动,起伏随势,巧布虚陈,寄情寓意,无不淋漓尽致,酣畅爽快,令人赏心悦目。这些都说明章法在行书创作中显得尤为重要。
章法特点
行书由于笔画、结构变化较大,形体各异,加之书写风格不同,因而即使同一字也会出现多种形态,有肥瘦、长短、方圆、雄浑、挺拨、俊秀等差别。正是这些差别,使行书作品千姿百态,异彩纷呈,构成了不同的气韵的章法。因此,行书的谋篇布局较楷书要灵活得多,具有如下特点:
笔势多取纵势
由于行书笔画活泼流动,笔画之间有牵纵行带,前字的末笔与后字的首笔连带密切,如取纵势,更显得如行云流水,气韵贯通,给人以一气呵成之势。
疏密变化自如
行书除笔画、结构有疏密变化外,在整体布局中通过改变字形的大小、长短、字态的肥瘦、俯仰,能自由地调整疏密位置与布白,达到疏密得当,布白奇妙的效果。
参差错落有致
行书不仅仅笔画、结体各部分及字与字之间有参差变化外,而且行与行之间及通篇亦有错落变化,这样,整体布局显得活泼灵动,妙趣横生。
行气直抒胸臆
由于行书书写速度较快,行笔之时情法于中、笔情交融,最能直接表达书者的情感,增加作品的感染力。
谋篇技巧
以动为主
楷书的章法以静为主要特征,给人以平和稳定、一丝不苟、不激不厉和端正严肃的感觉;行书章法则以动为主要特征,给人以生动飘逸和富有生命活力的感觉。
前人出书法要“师造化”,凡在现实生活中能见到的动作姿态,都可借鉴到行、草书中去,以增强行书作品的动感,丰富其内涵和底蕴。多欣赏和临写古今行书大家作品,也是培养书写动感的有效途径。我们不能用楷书的结体和章法来写行书,这样会使作品显得沉快无生气。
虽然行书强调动感,但并不是随意为之、不要法度,它仍要遵循一定的规律,以严谨求灵变,避免过于放纵。
以不齐求齐
楷书要求字的上下左右间隔匀称,排列整齐,以工整规范为美。行书则要求字形有大小,间隔有疏密排列,有错落变化,以局部的不整齐求得整体的平衡、稳定和齐整,以变化为美。一幅好的行书作品,初看起来一行一行排列得很整齐,行与行之间的距离也相等,一气呵成,浑然一体,气韵生动,但细看起来,我们不难发现,字与字并不对齐,有的偏左,有的偏右,左右动荡不写,行与行之间的距离也不相等,有的紧,有的松,没有定则,即所谓的“行书无写法”,需要我们多实践、多体会。
具有节奏变化
一幅好的行书作品,就象一首抒情的歌曲,时而婉转平和,时而高亢豪迈,时而如行云流水,时而如电闪雷鸣,几经曲折,波澜起伏。这些都是书者书写时情感的自然渲泄,这种渲泻是有节奏的,体现了行书作品的节奏美。
前后呼应
行书作品最注重首字,应静心写好文稿第一字,以统领全篇。要使行书的章法显得严谨而又富于变化,一定要注意前后呼应关系,要意在笔先,事先考虑好前后字的衔接问题。
书写姿势
坐姿
正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看,还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥,有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养,只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。
1、头部端正:头要居中,稍向前下方俯视,眼睛与纸面一尺距离,不可俯得太低,也不可左偏、右斜。
2、身直肩平:臀部平坐于椅子中间大部,不能扭向一边,两肩平齐,上身不弯曲,使上身重心安稳。
3、臂开胸舒:两臂自然开张,两肘平放桌面,保持一线,腹背挺直,胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离,使呼吸顺畅。
4、腿开足安:两腿分开,与肩同宽,自然下垂,内侧保持平行,两脚平放地上,使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势,才能使字写得端正,重心平衡。同时,正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。
握姿
执笔方法不正确,不但妨碍书写姿势,影响书写质量,还会给书写者身心健康带来危害,不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点,硬笔是三指执笔法,斜拿。
正确的执笔方法:
①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆(三指处于同一平面);
②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm(两指左右);
③所有指关节都向外弯;
④笔杆位于食指的根部(如下图)。
同时,还要做到:
①指实:拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量,处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上,将笔杆夹牢,松紧适度。
②掌虚:无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢,并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座,虚贴桌面。
③杆斜:笔杆向右后方倾斜,紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向,与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字,手指向前伸直,笔杆与纸面角度减小;书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩,笔杆与纸面角度大,宜于精離细琢。
工具
选笔
钢笔
钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位,较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。适合练字的钢笔,日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776,百乐78G,写乐21K等。
关于练习钢笔的选择,我们可以遵从以下原则:
(1)不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习;
(2)不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题;
(3)不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔,尽量做到成本控制,贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。
中性笔
中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点,是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中,日常生活中,大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。
推荐适合练字的中性笔
1、国产中性笔宝克PC-1168,这款笔无论从握持手感、出水流畅度、品控还是书写感受方面,都属于第一梯队的,一点也不比那些昂贵的进口中性笔差。
2、百乐P700和P500,其实就是0.7和0.5,笔感超级顺滑,而且出水不多不少,非常好写,这么出名是有原因的。可能看不出来,但0.5确实比0.7的更细。练字推荐用0.7,0.5的可以日常用。
中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则:
(1)书写流度,笔触顺骨,笔画饱满,墨色均匀;
(2)握笔舒适度,长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感;
(3)墨干燥速度,书写时不会被谱黑就行。
其他笔
除了钢笔和中性笔,其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多,最为常见的有铅笔,圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。
纸张
练习纸种类繁多,常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等,练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础,初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等,随着阶段的变化,练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助,达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序,不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。
重点:从脱离米字格到白纸,练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习,不属于完全转换状态。
另外,有以下几个点可以注意:
(1)当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题,建议换纸。
(2)不要使用线格过小的纸,选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。
(3)不要刻意追求“好”纸,硬笔行书的练习对纸的要求较低。
字帖
如果基础比较差,或者追求没那么高,可以从现代字帖练,比较容易上手。如果想追求书法或者有一定基础,那么就要多临摹古帖了。硬笔临摹古帖,初学以赵孟頫行楷《妙严寺》、《胆巴碑》过度,再以《赤壁赋》、《吴兴赋》入手,然后可以临文征明等二王一路的帖。或者直接以李邕《法华寺》入手。以上字帖,要下大功夫临摹,专注一本,长期熏修,悟到行书精髓,然后可以遍临诸家。
推荐字帖
1、田英章的字帖
田英章的硬笔字,刚中带柔,舒展洒脱。
以下是田英章老师的一些作品:
2、李放鸣字帖
李放鸣字的风格与田英章老师较为相近。其书法字帖因选材独特、版式新颖、印刷精美,被许多学校作为指定书法教材,在全国首届硬笔书法系列评比中获书家组“十佳字帖”奖,
以下是李放鸣老师的一些作品:
3、司马彦行书
司马彦的行书相当棒特别适合初学者临习,临他的字帖其优点是不容易走偏而且有利于将来的发展是国内目前少有的即有名气又有实力的书法家,他的行书字帖是国内许多院校硬笔行书的必修课。
书写注意的问题
钢笔行书的幅式有中堂条幅、条屏、对联、横幅、长卷、扇面等幅式。
钢笔行书函文的书写形式,也有竖写和横写两种方式。常用的排列方式,与楷书大体接近。一般用单线稿纸或无格纸书写较多,方格纸用得较少。
钢笔行书的落款,款文要用本体或行草书写,款文字形要小于正文,钤印的印章宁少勿多,1-2方足矣。印章的大小,应等于或略大于款文,但不得大于正文。钤印位置要与正文相呼应,起到活跃布局、平衡作品的作用。
(一)要以楷书为基础,在结构和用笔两方面练好扎实的基本功。行书的用笔和结构虽然较楷书有所变化,但还没有达到草书“解散楷体”的程度。因此,学习行书必须要具备一定的楷书基础。
(二)要重视临摹。行书虽然承袭楷书,但笔画、部首和结体都发生了一些规律性的变化。这些规律性的变化、写法,就要通过临摹去掌握,而不能随心所欲。
(三)不宜过分强调和滥用行书的用笔特点。前面讲了行书诸多特点,在书写中适当运用能给字增色,但如果过分追求和滥用某一方面的特点,就会走向反面。如,笔笔相连,就会造成圈眼密布而形同蛛网。
(四)学习行书宜从部首开始。行书在长期使用过程中形成了一些约定俗成的写法,熟悉和掌握这些部首的写法,就能了解行书的造形规律,收到举一反三之效。
坚持练字
当我们学习一项新技能,坚持这件事无疑是学习过程中最重要的事,也是最难做到的事,练字也是这样。
想要坚持就得有大的决心,然后培养出习惯,并且能体会到练字给自己带来的乐趣。在坚持的过程中,能够得到来自别人和自己的肯定。
所以,不妨列一个计划,树立一个可以达到的目标。前期的目标不能追求质的改变,需要做量的积累。例如,我要临写琴赋,我每周要认真的练10个字。我第一天可以通临一遍,我第三十天的时候再通临一遍。可以做一次比较。如果认真练,一个月,成果还是能激励到自己的。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书,是一种书法统称,分为行楷和行草两种。在楷书的基础上发展,是介于楷书、草书之间的一种字体,是为了弥补楷书的书写速度太慢和草书的难于辨认而产生的。\"行\"是\"行走\"的意思,因此它不像草书那样潦草,也不像楷书那样端正。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYooE6s02q6YwaIX4hu9uoh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmOEs00igwWECGZNmciYhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书作为一种有别于其他字体的独立字体,自然在笔画形态、用笔方法、部首写法以及结构上都有其自身的一些特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkAmU6qiK4i8Qv6BxHNrRh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔增速","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw6GEi4esci8uQI1iR5Lh6N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的行笔增速是相对楷书而言的。行书在增速上,不仅表现在笔画与笔画出现牵丝映带、以圆转代替方折,还表现在笔顺的改变和以简代繁甚至借用草书的一些写法上等等。但是在书写时不能为了快而快,造成笔笔相连如蜘蛛网一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4A2qasEiuWUYkZ1dqB2YKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画线条多变","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAC0IEe8smUMWUNkE65pqFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷如立,行如走,行书的走体现在笔画的流动性而形成的动感上。起笔多以露锋起笔,笔画之间增加呼应等,下面仅从四个方便加以说明:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmo2EUA2QyQYQOpRuAKjWVN"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"附笔连接","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKO8U08cWWeECqYPIfYOYFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓附笔,就是一个字的原来笔画顺势而出现的附加笔画(比较细、比较虚)。如点、横画与下面的笔画衔接时,出现附钩;与上面的笔画衔接时出现附挑;长撇收笔处往往出现明显的起钩,看上去与“钩”没有什么不同,实际上是撇画的附钩。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng40Ayk4sOochdaUkUaDoRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":108,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"附笔连接","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eca8f277af0b489aac734555f6636835","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcne4MYO0e0MSEOaqWW5DscEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这些附钩、附挑与上笔、下笔连接的呼应关系极为明显,使笔画脉络相通,活泼流畅、动感十足。但要注意,这些附钩、附挑的出现,是行笔过程中起笔和收笔留下的自然痕迹,不可有意去描摹追求。否则会失去天然美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQosAsCSGaCgIWgLBtZK6cf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以圆代方","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnke0eqiaMQIEkckKTrA1cjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的转折笔画,方笔明显减少,而以圆代替方折,这是由于行笔增快的原因。转折处省略了提按的顿笔,圆转而过,使笔画圆润自然。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIigaa6YeQ0cqQPyA7Bwrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以圆代方","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa22bfea6aca41b7a9421e6071527ebe","width":595},"text":"","id":"doxcnSw6iMMO06ssymyB1twoYmh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"变直为弧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn00YcUQm8uSGQuGKq3NljJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书要求横平竖直,而行书的横竖由于行笔增快,为了增强笔画之间的呼应关系,长横和长竖的写法有的稍带弧形。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaKskOi0sY4KGakHWIsQk3z"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"变直为弧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/15c909205ef94238b967205ddc025d52","width":613},"text":"","id":"doxcnGqo4eSEKUUwSwTXTYrUHic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但不是所有的横、竖都作弧形,如中竖就要挺直,即便是稍带有弧形的笔画,也要有一定的力度,柔中见刚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYi0UGKweOYA4KkT58rn5T2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiaEmcsGagIm4OSsc9z8bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的笔画各自独立,其笔画数目严格遵循汉字规范,一个字由几个笔画就写几个笔画。写行书时,为了书写简便,往往将相邻的笔画连写,合并线条,或对楷书的某些部位做了简化,减少起、收笔的次数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQQsMgoM2A402yVHiHyPUv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的钩画,在书写行书时,多省略了起钩。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6eyqgoGoem08SsWngD7f3f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":98,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b354150271a34825903868d3d515d728","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6KygmS0QoOUwjHQ8geBXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的基本笔画点画,可以代替横、竖、撇、捺笔画。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYOkwSwUuW4YMRE6knAXNc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2f6f6b0635a4c848a1d6491f4eeb70a","width":610},"text":"","id":"doxcnaoEGQ0IMI62yuwFnncnP1u"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的部首在楷书的基础上出现连笔,减少了笔画数,使书写更加方便。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8CEO06kGaGiWK2FYjnhIe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":131,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"以简代繁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2aa6fa9722874a839bae5d58753edc10","width":624},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOuGiIi2ySsEamQ4uXeCXe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔顺变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWYccUaQYoYwYVjno6mVFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的笔顺大部分遵循楷书笔顺规则,但为了连写便捷,一篇字中有时会出现一些人们习惯使用的行草书字形,有些字就改变了常规的笔画顺序。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如图","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"(楷书6笔,行书3笔):","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYCYuqeCYaI683GEkwio1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":101,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔顺变化","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b163d5ef32144a4388b912e4dcc2c57e","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcnYQsY0AQiQM60SIwbqdCQZe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8ekquqcSwW6gc1HfDZZy7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书的笔画较之楷书发生了一些变化,其结果也随着带来了变化。大体有以下几种情况:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYcayiScyO4ksEpwQUWCpCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一个字有多种写法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SE0GGqO0UeUiIHM8D5oDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如“是”字下半部分,“花”字的字头,写得有放有缩,同中有异,多样而统一,颇有趣味。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEIYGeI42OG8QGOOxMNGnTd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":204,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37c1e6c1bcdb490580c87e506e958ee2","width":483},"text":"","id":"doxcnQyEiqUKeqUyo8LDxLzsHJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.打破楷书端庄方正的束缚,略带攲斜,自成新的体势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnekuEeAGmUas0eW6kEGNm5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如横画可以较大幅度上斜,笔画的走向也可以略偏离原来楷书的轨道。这就在不同程度上改变了楷书的体势,使整篇字中的个体和群体都变得自由活泼了,避免了楷书的呆板。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIqUEEeswYSKAARJKgVX2Ff"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"体势变化","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5d537a662744315aca01acc06fbc9a9","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6GK8OwqqoCqkpbuAXc8bg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书运笔技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn286meS28OAIS2SImTeo2kb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画运行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn66mcsMAg8ME2uClYQvkzCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行书的基本笔画,在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oiwWqqI0W6K0ceOnst56d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓起笔,就是开始书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔;行笔,就是书写笔画的中间运笔;收笔,就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画,左为起笔,中为行笔,右为收笔,等等。起笔有轻有重,行笔有快有慢,收笔有回有露。例如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngAEsqoQ4iqSyIt9czBdsYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":117,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画运行","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26620f385ccb48549b0d42af46ee8148","width":608},"text":"","id":"doxcnu0I8C6QSkQu6wC8uxXsIXY"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKMO0aw0YYycCmpOuXS0uc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行书的用笔也讲究提按,以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔,就是笔从纸面提起,笔尖触纸力度小,笔画要细;所谓按笔,就是笔尖在纸上往下按,笔尖触纸力度大,笔画要粗一些。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUQUQyqSI20yqa7sL7G9oS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/771a46a498b94d1dbfce1dafd2b27352","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcnekasEsoeoe4mu0Nonrjcle"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwSKqK2EUKaIOcl4UC3Ewf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔,一般是向上取逆势,上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑。如“古”字的横,“人”、“有”的撇都是用翻笔写成的。折笔,一般是向下、向右取顺势,如“口”字的横折、“山”字的竖折,都是用这笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔,都要求用笔慢而有力。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyu6isAmOi4mGTUsHEOHMyl"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":116,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/376c3e54379a4f8da1fdcdac2c9ec6d1","width":604},"text":"","id":"doxcn8mko4OE4Isik4sE9kDYhOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUSKSkE6ecGYOyGakZ6Ece"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔主要取字的姿态,笔画的下笔处比较方折,显得刚劲有力。如“五、方”等字的长横,“永、广”等字的侧点,“志”字的中竖,“个”字的斜撇等,都是侧笔写成的。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnickAgMqO4cSeqQWjFp2fOb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":118,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"侧笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/34052b9680c943679ca2b04e24444a41","width":615},"text":"","id":"doxcniOQqoe8GSea4KwF9bGE8oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkieauKK2cIEyGYClkTTTT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔,书写时故意放慢行笔速度,认为制造行笔阻力。目的在于强调线条的质感,多用于竖钩、竖弯钩等笔画。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmuAC2coEcoyaMtuxgMHeg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"涩笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a19fb0a98520486a9af24133ca5290f8","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcngyyMMII2u0YoQH0KHwRW9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"游笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncgIsMuooiCmEyeecwIlOVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"游笔似行云流水,用笔流畅、便捷,多用于钩画字的轮廓,以增加线条的流动。如图:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6A68Yw4a8CcqEjJ2IizvOd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":12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撇,然后回锋向右下方写反捺,即成。撇捺折在撇捺的交接处要连写,要有折的风味。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWewKKSI4cCscYF1HaN4kGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/79a94fe61ef64a4fa98d34a844cbb160","width":115},"text":"","id":"doxcnewcmg4qW6gEA0UaVVbOKre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、三弯折是指三弯折曲折成三弯,如“乃”字。写法是先落笔写横,再折笔写弯,接着顺势向下弯出。三弯折要折而有韧劲,弯曲自然舒展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6CKwao4cIOMERTrg1fhHq"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":58,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc888fce47574bb3b23e27aa45348ecb","width":111},"text":"","id":"doxcnoeyy2S4qewywgDcvyMUwSQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、内勾折是由横撇折的外勾变为内勾,如“序”字。写法是写好横画后,接着翻笔写撇,撇要成内包势,随即趁势向右上勾出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Ss2qCgGmKIyIBRbOunaWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a9fff903cb242b6999cbc36061881e7","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcnGq0mgYMSAuiAk1UtlcrkIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、鹅勾折是浮鹅勾的快速简便写法,如“光”字。写法是依势落笔写短斜竖,随即折笔向右上勾出。鹅勾折的折处要圆润遒丽,用笔要流畅明净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcYuEAuYYAK2olswbP1IWg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":59,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"折","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a2d65e9e63944a29a8c1e22d6b6d446c","width":114},"text":"","id":"doxcngKK2iS2mq28YKkCCgOrLEg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne4EC2w0iSQggQBLryTtseh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书偏旁一定要根据与其所搭配的单体的长短、肥瘦,大小不同而有所变化,不能千篇一律。此外,部首一定要与其所搭配的单体互相呼应。呼应的方法,或者借助于楷书用意连,或者借助于草书用形连。形连时要注意既要靠牵丝,又要靠笔势,过多地使用牵丝,如果形连势不能连,整个字仍是盘散沙。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSOOim2IA4aQigZNH3bjZ3b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"食字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwy2cmiKaaiiEOEDyjUgBld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋落笔写撇,随即回锋写横勾折,接着顺势写竖仰勾。整个食字旁线条清楚匀称,是一笔写成。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnskckguQUkAiOaOq0mEPaZg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":170,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"食字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a8aca3a771fc4a139c03aa0e90418c82","width":683},"text":"","id":"doxcn8sooCSyYuEuWmiJHQUlQjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8weuAWyMEwOuaz7nBePYf7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首点向左下带出一点以呼应下一笔,撇点用撇提代替,改变示字旁的书写顺序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUi6ocKee4wEgxutajZ0ug"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":178,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"衣字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ba320b2860b4d5ea7f13cc526d07f4c","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnm044EWWyysAgKOz7kzuh0d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQoSaoCCQGSEouEqkI0Mt1V"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先落笔写横折,再翻笔写横折勾。弓字旁的弓须一气呵成,不能用两笔或三笔写成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYSu64sIuM8kEVA00RUYge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":143,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"弓字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/08c6744a04614a75a307d434eb2c4521","width":603},"text":"","id":"doxcnCI6m6QgMOu046KVUu1wVyf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"虫字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuIAKskk2k6eWMBytYHUIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落笔写短斜竖,再顺势写横竖折,接着回锋写下横,然后翻笔向上写竖折挑,为了便于书写,行书虫字旁的一点往往省掉。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyk6kqwCUqqEW2RwzZ4n3ih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":122,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"虫字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb9cebae85cf4f3daa0cfe4223b8ea03","width":616},"text":"","id":"doxcnKQwUa42qiGgQ4XMINBjERg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqe6eOKia20mI1EpDYjbEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"落笔写出折勾,再回笔写竖横折勾,最后顺势写下横。下横一般写成挑画,以便书写右面点画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaWIkyqaUog64IXUTVzmjpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":152,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16ffcec311ac4028b30e62c7250e5e0c","width":637},"text":"","id":"doxcni42mMSs2E2AOuIVn5LBdR1"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYgAMQAkmUM8yMnjyyPcyJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁主要是在右部。其第一横要稍长,抗肩,中间用小撇画,不要太长,撇画的起笔位置稍靠左,第二个撇画的弯度较大一些,但不要写的太长,最后撇画带出小钩,呼应最后一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggWey8I8Qy2gp6EKTxTgrr"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"页字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ef06ff99d4f4cfb8f5d18c1c3c6cb88","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnGe2wGsEeCkE4WS28zkaZdg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0WCQaSSMQ6U40ePMyOCRZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先平撇要短,角度稍平,竖写短,横可稍长,但口字要写小。所以偏旁整体要小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw0QMekIIqY4MuoKDXqpNHg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":128,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"舌字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/376a27e1eeb04fc48a3e0169b1c32a15","width":629},"text":"","id":"doxcnukqYqKcCWCqISWTs6rNoEd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwiy4wqSwuEEAg1BTDW8gvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁也是写小,且整体稍向右上斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQ6QCW62Acq0Ys0PILBIbS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":136,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"田字旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/24ec8a9db1b44db2816be55337f4d46b","width":614},"text":"","id":"doxcnU4AEwyO6UmKWnsuY5eX5Io"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书章法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0k2USuqGSugoCmR2YmrWAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书是介于楷书和草书之间的书体,是日常生活书写中最常用最流行的书体。尤以钢笔行书为最。行书笔画、结构有一定的伸缩性,形态又多变化,丰富奇彩、意到笔随,可塑性大,利于发挥艺术效果,实用价值更是超过其它书体。一副得意之作,通篇结构,引领管带,首尾呼应,一气呵成,各尽意志,气适流动,起伏随势,巧布虚陈,寄情寓意,无不淋漓尽致,酣畅爽快,令人赏心悦目。这些都说明章法在行书创作中显得尤为重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYWYK8W6Ky0U4I7p3ZGyLpe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnscaOkQmK2ym2uuacwmDWBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书由于笔画、结构变化较大,形体各异,加之书写风格不同,因而即使同一字也会出现多种形态,有肥瘦、长短、方圆、雄浑、挺拨、俊秀等差别。正是这些差别,使行书作品千姿百态,异彩纷呈,构成了不同的气韵的章法。因此,行书的谋篇布局较楷书要灵活得多,具有如下特点:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAOUUCUEQ82MNIa8dy6Jqr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔势多取纵势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnem6uwmIUgkUOCiIIHAVoEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书笔画活泼流动,笔画之间有牵纵行带,前字的末笔与后字的首笔连带密切,如取纵势,更显得如行云流水,气韵贯通,给人以一气呵成之势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncqai8YcC4qkEcJZZYp0wbf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"疏密变化自如","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe4IuQwQKco6ioVhPww3Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书除笔画、结构有疏密变化外,在整体布局中通过改变字形的大小、长短、字态的肥瘦、俯仰,能自由地调整疏密位置与布白,达到疏密得当,布白奇妙的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngI8I8iWY4ggEETpYW4TWKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"参差错落有致","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyY6McsoGiCAI49eIbJf1Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书不仅仅笔画、结体各部分及字与字之间有参差变化外,而且行与行之间及通篇亦有错落变化,这样,整体布局显得活泼灵动,妙趣横生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkQa262qAS4Y44kebdWNjlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行气直抒胸臆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEUW0aSwKqwioL7kGZZbih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于行书书写速度较快,行笔之时情法于中、笔情交融,最能直接表达书者的情感,增加作品的感染力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAyKM0AU8QauAC89X8PETgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"谋篇技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8g2yw6YQisMUewcHsiCBnc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以动为主","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGCG264aiCOa62eig4dIyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的章法以静为主要特征,给人以平和稳定、一丝不苟、不激不厉和端正严肃的感觉;行书章法则以动为主要特征,给人以生动飘逸和富有生命活力的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusII6oWAIeaeGO2l13qZgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前人出书法要“师造化”,凡在现实生活中能见到的动作姿态,都可借鉴到行、草书中去,以增强行书作品的动感,丰富其内涵和底蕴。多欣赏和临写古今行书大家作品,也是培养书写动感的有效途径。我们不能用楷书的结体和章法来写行书,这样会使作品显得沉快无生气。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaqOeS0KomkCcB90z1cpjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然行书强调动感,但并不是随意为之、不要法度,它仍要遵循一定的规律,以严谨求灵变,避免过于放纵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04CaAAAGGqYCkB74bKmj5e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"以不齐求齐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYaAUqMyEqaoGolGrLFSLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书要求字的上下左右间隔匀称,排列整齐,以工整规范为美。行书则要求字形有大小,间隔有疏密排列,有错落变化,以局部的不整齐求得整体的平衡、稳定和齐整,以变化为美。一幅好的行书作品,初看起来一行一行排列得很整齐,行与行之间的距离也相等,一气呵成,浑然一体,气韵生动,但细看起来,我们不难发现,字与字并不对齐,有的偏左,有的偏右,左右动荡不写,行与行之间的距离也不相等,有的紧,有的松,没有定则,即所谓的“行书无写法”,需要我们多实践、多体会。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng0m6K4mIWIQuSTyRdR0iNC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"具有节奏变化","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mGoqc8CKiKuisjCYuI1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一幅好的行书作品,就象一首抒情的歌曲,时而婉转平和,时而高亢豪迈,时而如行云流水,时而如电闪雷鸣,几经曲折,波澜起伏。这些都是书者书写时情感的自然渲泄,这种渲泻是有节奏的,体现了行书作品的节奏美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk6oS4648y26OANLehr5Ayh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"前后呼应","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwCUi2miWAaOs9cTQCQNIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书作品最注重首字,应静心写好文稿第一字,以统领全篇。要使行书的章法显得严谨而又富于变化,一定要注意前后呼应关系,要意在笔先,事先考虑好前后字的衔接问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiUEOuykEcou6ls65je4Ec"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkIiu0qG4ISKEWEV29p0Lhe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno4wuicC8u4woolgT0iFfKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的书写姿势不只是为了好看,还可以使书写技能得到充分、有效地发挥,有助于书写者的身心健康。书写姿势同时也反映出书写者的修养,只有身正才会字正。正确的姿势应是头正、身直、肩平、胸舒、臂开、足安。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMSswUI2WKAol2w4DioiKY"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":269,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68e50955c9bf49c79a2d33fa599f8967","width":249},"text":"","id":"doxcnqm2uCmw0owUUY5OWH2KzUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、头部端正:头要居中,稍向前下方俯视,眼睛与纸面一尺距离,不可俯得太低,也不可左偏、右斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAMQGGsCsMWSUpcK0JxSKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、身直肩平:臀部平坐于椅子中间大部,不能扭向一边,两肩平齐,上身不弯曲,使上身重心安稳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoUiYWyqyCYMED5LIMvyBoq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、臂开胸舒:两臂自然开张,两肘平放桌面,保持一线,腹背挺直,胸口与桌沿保持一拳距离,使呼吸顺畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0McKYqQOOsQU8lGajEQpze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、腿开足安:两腿分开,与肩同宽,自然下垂,内侧保持平行,两脚平放地上,使全身平衡。正确的书写姿势,才能使字写得端正,重心平衡。同时,正确的姿势也会给人的身体带来益处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwCCaoS8cUaUK4bwzdP1wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn484YCWuqYCgQKKJJq1SqBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔方法不正确,不但妨碍书写姿势,影响书写质量,还会给书写者身心健康带来危害,不可忽视。根据笔的自身特点,硬笔是三指执笔法,斜拿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkciww0WuyUa4iC5JCK6Ic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的执笔方法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8A4cGIEUOYy0GW13CkCCOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①用拇指、食指、中指三个指头捏住笔杆(三指处于同一平面);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIywGmOiyoCcMgN2M7T7Nog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②指尖距笔尖约2.5cm~3cm(两指左右);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2QIceAcSgKAWGKahaJm8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③所有指关节都向外弯;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuScKqwMEoSUcys1lP97bCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④笔杆位于食指的根部(如下图)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyke2coyo0M6eXj1qhSuNs"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce7201cb08b47529021161e4b3de06b","width":382},"text":"","id":"doxcne0eiCmM0cG4U6p3INPuCMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时,还要做到:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamykg6AwCq2Ac9h72enUCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①指实:拇指、食指、中指来自三方的力量,处在与笔杆垂直的同一圆角上,将笔杆夹牢,松紧适度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnweCWAUYiyGeg2TkOOdNbBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②掌虚:无名指和小指紧随中指下部依次靠拢,并向掌心弯曲、虛握。小指的整个底部形成一个环形底座,虚贴桌面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA02SkuSikAEiSOc82XnAC8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③杆斜:笔杆向右后方倾斜,紧靠在食指第三关节与虎口方向,与桌面呈45°角。如果写较大的字,手指向前伸直,笔杆与纸面角度减小;书写较小的字手指向掌心收缩,笔杆与纸面角度大,宜于精離细琢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EAes80guA0Gg9lxRjo0hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOk6mywusO2IOkN3g9fTK2c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOwM62Iy8uGU0alFfMMjUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSaW8SwyIoEouaOmyhAUNVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位,较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。适合练字的钢笔,日笔应该比欧笔更适合一些。推荐白金3776,百乐78G,写乐21K等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUmI4aIokKw6cbKMEuVWDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于练习钢笔的选择,我们可以遵从以下原则:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06GiYsWC4mq00ovgwEGzRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO2UQEqWkuQuQCIEGKZsrbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ42AKQqyYg6I8hGOKSkeOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔,尽量做到成本控制,贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni404gSg2e6WyMPg2b2F9Bb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":266,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efce42fa90fe484395d9143de95dc1bf","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcn4uY6IYu2ICIw3EuOMlrjFG"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmwuQmOGuS042gvVP3Id6ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点,是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中,日常生活中,大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4OGuOsYGGC6iqaredoyuJY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐适合练字的中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOmKaemOqcccEVs5KJ77Gg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、国产中性笔宝克PC-1168,这款笔无论从握持手感、出水流畅度、品控还是书写感受方面,都属于第一梯队的,一点也不比那些昂贵的进口中性笔差。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqEukCgewS60EcX2tvmYDVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、百乐P700和P500,其实就是0.7和0.5,笔感超级顺滑,而且出水不多不少,非常好写,这么出名是有原因的。可能看不出来,但0.5确实比0.7的更细。练字推荐用0.7,0.5的可以日常用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUek84A6OCEgOCw5UNMUhJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkkICQqo6Cm88u7WuiDWz7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)书写流度,笔触顺骨,笔画饱满,墨色均匀;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKe4siIGgSEsaaELXNWpi1H"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)握笔舒适度,长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqUMSieS8gsAqyBuq40XIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)墨干燥速度,书写时不会被谱黑就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyCssSI00Wq2cFm5hjXT7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9f858d495e934607b39050eb30d2ed77","width":300},"text":"","id":"doxcnY8SCicMsOOis8J3zWX7Htb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSQ2s0gw8CIyYquSaWHLhKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了钢笔和中性笔,其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多,最为常见的有铅笔,圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEe2muKE6CeU2kfO5ezrUxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":220,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"其他笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1b423b0b4e1e43c6913f2e1b4ab63a7a","width":220},"text":"","id":"doxcn084Uwumk8C8U068kJ9qbIg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGqquMwA8CQYG2DKdolh3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习纸种类繁多,常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等,练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础,初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等,随着阶段的变化,练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助,达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序,不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS60ocSugMSWegNnbUyHQ2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重点:从脱离米字格到白纸,练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习,不属于完全转换状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosQSwUYCgq66QJHLq094Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外,有以下几个点可以注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSugi6IWWKMKSWd3Ibp7GtZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题,建议换纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOOW42wEyY6EKcEt3OKSBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)不要使用线格过小的纸,选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQoU4AWmY4YmWMBLwAw1rf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不要刻意追求“好”纸,硬笔行书的练习对纸的要求较低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UIMuwA4KiKQk95m4tnAMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1185,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1370f12a9b3b4d938074b49cdfa4ca62","width":790},"text":"","id":"doxcnqkWu80g8O6mAQr6qkPMw7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUASa6Y2KiSaSSutOmuSNyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果基础比较差,或者追求没那么高,可以从现代字帖练,比较容易上手。如果想追求书法或者有一定基础,那么就要多临摹古帖了。硬笔临摹古帖,初学以赵孟頫行楷《妙严寺》、《胆巴碑》过度,再以《赤壁赋》、《吴兴赋》入手,然后可以临文征明等二王一路的帖。或者直接以李邕《法华寺》入手。以上字帖,要下大功夫临摹,专注一本,长期熏修,悟到行书精髓,然后可以遍临诸家。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucQUMwau2sCUwfnACIbDgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMiQqCcEE8OuoqYdd2ZXLWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、田英章的字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0yGccyK8U4Q8gPBSuvP2yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田英章的硬笔字,刚中带柔,舒展洒脱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneAcyecEwwsa4FbIfMmqEyr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是田英章老师的一些作品:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqcEGE4mma06sMSHXIP0nb"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":475,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57790c3f579340c6a3d920e542c5e081","width":439},"text":"","id":"doxcn84aA4kmYeGssOkRDzIifpe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":523,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/665960b664004091947413f309229f9b","width":363},"text":"","id":"doxcnsOcsieq6aiK82VKH4M2P2f"}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsyKg4mwsuiUu0xj1d3RXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、李放鸣字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngsyKg4mwsuiUu0xj1d3RXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"李放鸣字的风格与田英章老师较为相近。其书法字帖因选材独特、版式新颖、印刷精美,被许多学校作为指定书法教材,在全国首届硬笔书法系列评比中获书家组“十佳字帖”奖,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneacYskAWwAsmUXP2ENjdhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下是李放鸣老师的一些作品:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMwS40qQc8kgUjRNRb08Fd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":510,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/076399aa06bd441c8d96060b3a5cc8c6","width":356},"text":"","id":"doxcnCia2usY2Cg4qAlPMs7VljU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d3cafb01a8ad4dcf99af2fb29b35c803","width":521},"text":"","id":"doxcnMOAocWOqOMKW2dihMx5xMc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiGWUyekYW2AkdYQvl4iic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、司马彦行书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiGWUyekYW2AkdYQvl4iic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"司马彦的行书相当棒特别适合初学者临习,临他的字帖其优点是不容易走偏而且有利于将来的发展是国内目前少有的即有名气又有实力的书法家,他的行书字帖是国内许多院校硬笔行书的必修课。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne82wyikkM6yoQTMT0J7cRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/31d1eddee0c14259a78f64d44dd40234","width":388},"text":"","id":"doxcnwQAM8yuu6EI8OGQGVz4TSc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写注意的问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneACOeq0e6qUQuKLKnhE4If"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的幅式有中堂条幅、条屏、对联、横幅、长卷、扇面等幅式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmOcoAicOWaomomHXoY14e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书函文的书写形式,也有竖写和横写两种方式。常用的排列方式,与楷书大体接近。一般用单线稿纸或无格纸书写较多,方格纸用得较少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC2gwqOuYS8ysEDNep9PiJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的落款,款文要用本体或行草书写,款文字形要小于正文,钤印的印章宁少勿多,1-2方足矣。印章的大小,应等于或略大于款文,但不得大于正文。钤印位置要与正文相呼应,起到活跃布局、平衡作品的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKU0A6ys0sK28ibu7GJzlib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(一)要以楷书为基础,在结构和用笔两方面练好扎实的基本功。行书的用笔和结构虽然较楷书有所变化,但还没有达到草书“解散楷体”的程度。因此,学习行书必须要具备一定的楷书基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIwyOWS6oSuiWaB3wrfzng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(二)要重视临摹。行书虽然承袭楷书,但笔画、部首和结体都发生了一些规律性的变化。这些规律性的变化、写法,就要通过临摹去掌握,而不能随心所欲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQ4wQwkYomAcGiwp3anBtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(三)不宜过分强调和滥用行书的用笔特点。前面讲了行书诸多特点,在书写中适当运用能给字增色,但如果过分追求和滥用某一方面的特点,就会走向反面。如,笔笔相连,就会造成圈眼密布而形同蛛网。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80K8KKs2meo2ikpSz93xpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(四)学习行书宜从部首开始。行书在长期使用过程中形成了一些约定俗成的写法,熟悉和掌握这些部首的写法,就能了解行书的造形规律,收到举一反三之效。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUcKcQgYEieUiE5yGslaKf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":614,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书写注意的问题","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f87da4b8482e41228ccdfe6e92fcdc64","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnKCoUKUikmkMIwEKlo0aKYK"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坚持练字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnocwmwKgqkqYq4G69LKJECb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们学习一项新技能,坚持这件事无疑是学习过程中最重要的事,也是最难做到的事,练字也是这样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYIOAcgwMewkcqqmYlNpqEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"想要坚持就得有大的决心,然后培养出习惯,并且能体会到练字给自己带来的乐趣。在坚持的过程中,能够得到来自别人和自己的肯定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsUqYQi8Wg8ciXxCWIY1hb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以,不妨列一个计划,树立一个可以达到的目标。前期的目标不能追求质的改变,需要做量的积累。例如,我要临写琴赋,我每周要认真的练10个字。我第一天可以通临一遍,我第三十天的时候再通临一遍。可以做一次比较。如果认真练,一个月,成果还是能激励到自己的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSo6Y20gMyKiEfvjAeoXhiI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQKUWsAU0AOI2Wg9VerpJWf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E